D. Glass Associates, Inc.

"U.S. and International Markets for Phytoremediation,1999-2000" by David J. Glass, Ph.D.

Table of Contents
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Executive Summary
Chapter 1. Introduction.
Chapter 2. Phytoremediation Technologies and Applications.
Chapter 3. The United States Phytoremediation Industry.
Chapter 4. The International Phytoremediation Industry.
Chapter 5. Summary of Phytoremediation Projects and Demonstrations.
Chapter 6. Factors Affecting Phytoremediation’s Potential Market Growth.
Chapter 7. Phytoremediation’s Market Potential in the United States.
Chapter 8. Phytoremediation’s International Market Potential.
Chapter 9. Glossary.
Chapter 10. Useful Phytoremediation Sites on the Worldwide Web.
Chapter 11. References.

List of Tables. viii

About the Author. x

Executive Summary. 1

Chapter 1. Introduction. 8

Overview 8
New Features of the 1999-2000 Report 9

Chapter 2. Phytoremediation Technologies and Applications. 11

Applications for Soil Remediation 11

Applications for Water Treatment or Control 16

Plants Used in Phytoremediation 23

Substances Amenable to Phytoremediation 28

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Chapter 3. The United States Phytoremediation Industry. 30

Overview 30

United States Dedicated Phytoremediation Companies 31

United States Diversifying Specialty Companies 47

United States Diversified Consulting/Engineering Companies 54

Industrial Companies 71

Suppliers of Nutrients, Soil Amendments and Related Products 76

Suppliers of Instrumentation and Equipment for Phytoremediation 77

Universities, Nonprofit Labs and the Government 78

Market Barriers and Corporate Strategies for Small Phytoremediation Companies 86

Corporate Strategies for Consulting/Engineering Companies 91

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Chapter 4. The International Phytoremediation Industry. 93

Overview 93

Canadian Phytoremediation Companies 93

European Phytoremediation Companies 97

Phytoremediation Companies in the Rest of the World 104

Non-Profit Research Groups Outside the United States 105

Government Activities Outside the United States 109

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Chapter 5. Summary of Phytoremediation Projects and Demonstrations. 118

Pathways to Field Implementation of Phytoremediation 118

U.S. EPA SITE Demonstrations 120

U.S. Superfund Sites Using Phytoremediation 124

U.S. Department of Defense-Supported Projects 125

U.S. Department of Energy-Supported Projects 128

Other United States Demonstration, Pilot and Commercial Projects 130

Phytoremediation Projects Outside the United States 133

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Chapter 6. Factors Affecting Phytoremediation’s Potential Market Growth. 145

Phytoremediation’s Strengths and Weaknesses 145

Barriers to Success of Innovative Technologies and their Impact on Phytoremediation 150

Prospects for Phytoremediation’s Growth in the Present Market Climate 174

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Chapter 7. Phytoremediation’s Market Potential in the United States. 176

Sizes of Market Sectors Potentially Available to Phytoremediation 176

Current and Projected Phytoremediation Markets by Sector 185

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Chapter 8. Phytoremediation’s International Market Potential 210

Overview of International Environmental Markets 210

European Markets Available to Phytoremediation 214

Canadian Markets Available to Phytoremediation 239

Other World Markets Available to Phytoremediation 240

International Phytoremediation Markets 245

Chapter 9. Glossary 250

Chapter 10. Useful Phytoremediation Sites on the Worldwide Web. 256

Chapter 11. References. 260

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List of Tables.
Table 1. Applications of Phytoremediation. 12
Table 2. Substances Amenable to Phytoremediation. 29
Table 3. United States Dedicated Phytoremediation Companies. 31
Table 4. Applied Natural Sciences, Inc. Representative Phytoremediation Projects. 33
Table 5. Ecolotree, Inc. Representative Phytoremediation Projects. 35
Table 6. Phytokinetics, Inc. Groundwater Phytoremediation Projects Using Deep-Rooted Trees. 38
Table 7. Phytokinetics, Inc. Surface Soil Phytoremediation Greenhouse and Field Projects. 39
Table 8. United States Diversifying Specialty Companies. 48
Table 9. Diversified Consulting/Engineering Companies Pursuing Phytoremediation. 55
Table 10. Select Alliances Between Consulting/Engineering Companies and Dedicated Phytoremediation Firms. 56
Table 11. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Phytoremediation Projects. 58
Table 12. CH2M HILL Phytoremediation Projects. 63
Table 13. Geomatrix Consultants Phytoremediation Projects. 66
Table 14. Industrial Companies Active in Phytoremediation Research. 73
Table 15. Chevron Representative Field Phytoremediation Projects. 75
Table 16. U.S. Government Phytoremediation Activities. 83
Table 17. International Companies with Phytoremediation Expertise or Interests. 94
Table 18. Phytoremediation Research Proposals Funded by the European Union DG12. 111
Table 19. Selected U.S. Phytoremediation Projects in Soils. 122
Table 20. Selected U.S. Phytoremediation Projects in Groundwater and Other Aqueous Wastestreams. 126
Table 21. European Phytoremediation Field Projects. 135
Table 22. Swedish Pilot and Full-Scale Projects Involving Willows for Treatment of Waste Materials. 142
Table 23. Advantages and Disadvantages of Phytoremediation. 147
Table 24. Cost Estimates of Phytoremediation. 149
Table 25. Strategies to Improve Phytoremediation. 168
Table 26. Strategies to Improve Phytoremediation using Genetic Engineering. 172
Table 27. Summary of Potential U.S. Markets for Phytoremediation. 186
Table 28. Cost Comparisons for Remediation of Organics in Groundwater. 187
Table 29. Strengths and Limitations of Phytoremediation for Organics in Groundwater. 188
Table 30. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Organics in Groundwater. 188
Table 31. Strengths and Limitations of Phytoremediation for Organics in Soil. 190
Table 32. Cost Comparisons for Remediation of Organics in Soils. 191
Table 33. Cost Comparison for Remediation of Explosives in Soil. 191
Table 34. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Organics in Soil. 192
Table 35. Cost Comparisons for Remediation of Metals in Soils. 193
Table 36. Strengths and Limitations of Phytoremediation for Metals in Soils. 194
Table 37. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Metals in Soil. 195
Table 38. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Nonmetallic Inorganics from Groundwater. 197
Table 39. Cost Comparisons for Remediation of Metals in Water. 198
Table 40. Strengths and Limitations of Phytoremediation for Metals in Water. 200
Table 41. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Metals in Water. 201
Table 42. Strengths and Limitations of Phytoremediation for Radionuclides. 202
Table 43. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Remediation of Radionuclides. 203
Table 44. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Treatment of Nonmetallic Compounds in Wastewater. 204
Table 45. U.S. Phytoremediation Market Estimates for Control of Landfill Leachate. 207
Table 46. Estimated United States Phytoremediation Markets, 1999-2005. 209
Table 47. Estimated World Remediation Markets, 1998-2002. 211
Table 48. Hazardous Waste Sites Known or Estimated in Selected European Countries. 213
Table 49. Contaminated Military Sites in Europe. 217
Table 50. Estimated European Site Remediation Markets, 1998. 226
Table 51. Summary of Major Sources of Water and Soil Pollution in Central and Eastern Europe. 229
Table 52. Emerging Asian Environmental Markets 243
Table 53. Estimated Worldwide Phytoremediation Markets, 1999-2002. 249

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